Khoms of the Aït Ouahlim — The confederation and its sections

The most populous of the five khmas around 1930. Beaurpère's table (1930) divides it into two groupings, Aït Zemro and Aït Hasso; according to Spillmann, the Aït Atta rather divided it into three “thirds”. With the Aït Ounir and Aït Ouallal it formed the oldest core of the confederation and was long its dominant khoms; Spillmann describes it as weakened since the late nineteenth century by internal divisions and by pressure from the other khmas, to the point of having ceded qsour in the Draa to the Aït Isfoul. An in-depth page is devoted to it.

Assisted translation, not validated

Read the in-depth page : The Aït Ouahlim (Aït Wahlim) →

Component tour : The Aït Ouahlim, up close →

Historical landmarks

Around 1936
In the Oussikis, Aït Ouahlim, Aït Isfoul, Aït Yazza and Aït Ounebgui are now called “Aït Oussikis”: according to Spillmann, the memory of their origins fades and the old hostilities between their parent tribes soften.
Spillmann (1936), p. 101

Notables

Mohaddach ould el Hajj FaskaOf the Aït Bou Iknifen, about 45 around 1930; champion of the Glaoui's party in the upper Dadès and the Todgha since 1919.Spillmann (2007), trad. p. 68-69 (orig. p. 83)
Assou ou Baslam (Assou Oubasslam)Of the Ilemchan; Mohaddach's personal enemy, he gathers those who refuse the Makhzen's authority.Spillmann (2007), trad. p. 69 (orig. p. 84)
Hammou ou Lahsen ben MerghiOf the Aït Bou Daoud, born around 1860; former amghar n-ufilla of the Aït Atta.Spillmann (2007), trad. p. 69 (orig. p. 84)

Classifications according to the sources

Two groupings: Aït Zemro (four tribes) and Aït Hasso.Beaurpère (lieutenant) (1931), tableau du khoms (PDF p. 73)
Three “thirds”: Aït Bou Iknifen and Aït Aïssa ou Brahim; Ilemchan and Ignaouen; Aït Hassou.Spillmann (2007), trad. p. 67 (orig. p. 82)
Two sub-fifths: Ait Zimru and Ait Hassu.Hart (1984), p. 11
“Aït-Ouahlim”, about 2,900 hearths in 1936, against 2,200 in the same author's table for late 1930.Spillmann (1936), p. 97

Documented figures

Images and documents

Images linked to this component through a place or a person connected with it: they do not necessarily depict it.

Head-and-shoulders portrait of a bearded man with a stern gaze, his head covered by a light-coloured hood. — PortraitHasso ou Ba Selem (Assou Oubasslam), portrait published by J. Robichez (1946)Prise de vue non datée (le catalogue situe les photographies du livre en 1937-1939) ; publication 1946J. Robichez, Maroc central (Arthaud, 1946) ; fichier fourni par le titulaire du projetProbable attribution— Identification based on a published or institutional source, without independent confirmation.

A French general officer, seen from behind, kepi embroidered with oak leaves, shakes hands with a bearded man in a burnous holding a staff; turbaned men stand around. — Historical photograph“Meeting between General Huré and Assou Oubasslam”Notice contradictoire : « 1933 » dans la description, « 1937-08-25 » dans le champ dateWikimedia Commons (image reprise d'un article de Yabiladi)Uncertain attribution— Provenance, date or subject not established: read with the reservations in the record.

A crowd in light-coloured clothes on a market square in front of an arcaded building; a few tents. — Historical photographTinerhir, the souk (postcard, 1930s according to its Flickr posting)« c 1930s » (titre de la publication Flickr ; carte non datée par son éditeur)Carte postale publiée sur Flickr, via Wikimedia CommonsUncertain attribution— Provenance, date or subject not established: read with the reservations in the record.

A path through a palm grove below cliffs; a few people and a donkey beside a stream. — Historical photograph“Spring of the sacred fish”, Todgha valley (1955)1955Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam)Probable attribution— Identification based on a published or institutional source, without independent confirmation.

A man walks along a track at the bottom of a narrow gorge, followed by a few cattle. — Historical photographMan with cattle, Todgha valley (1955)1955Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam)Probable attribution— Identification based on a published or institutional source, without independent confirmation.

Dense vegetation and palm trees, a few houses in the background. — Historical photographOasis near Tinghir, Todgha valley (1982)1982Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam)

Sources — 3 sources cited · 3 independent documentary line(s)

Spillmann et al., 2007 — trad. p. 67-69 (orig. p. 82-84)Excerpts consulted · Colonial military
Beaurpère (lieutenant), 1931 — tableau du khomsExcerpts consulted · Colonial military
Hart, 1984 — p. 11Excerpts consulted · Academic research